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The starter motor these days is usually either a series-parallel wound direct current electric motor that has a starter solenoid, which is similar to a relay mounted on it, or it could be a permanent-magnet composition. When current from the starting battery is applied to the solenoid, basically via a key-operated switch, the solenoid engages a lever which pushes out the drive pinion which is positioned on the driveshaft and meshes the pinion with the starter ring gear that is seen on the engine flywheel.
When the starter motor begins to turn, the solenoid closes the high-current contacts. When the engine has started, the solenoid consists of a key operated switch that opens the spring assembly in order to pull the pinion gear away from the ring gear. This action causes the starter motor to stop. The starter's pinion is clutched to its driveshaft by an overrunning clutch. This allows the pinion to transmit drive in just a single direction. Drive is transmitted in this particular method through the pinion to the flywheel ring gear. The pinion continuous to be engaged, like for example for the reason that the operator did not release the key as soon as the engine starts or if there is a short and the solenoid remains engaged. This causes the pinion to spin separately of its driveshaft.
The actions discussed above would prevent the engine from driving the starter. This important step prevents the starter from spinning really fast that it could fly apart. Unless adjustments were made, the sprag clutch arrangement would prevent the use of the starter as a generator if it was utilized in the hybrid scheme discussed prior. Usually a regular starter motor is intended for intermittent utilization that will preclude it being utilized as a generator.
The electrical components are made in order to operate for about 30 seconds to prevent overheating. Overheating is caused by a slow dissipation of heat is because of ohmic losses. The electrical components are designed to save weight and cost. This is really the reason most owner's handbooks for automobiles recommend the operator to stop for a minimum of 10 seconds after each and every ten or fifteen seconds of cranking the engine, if trying to start an engine that does not turn over immediately.
The overrunning-clutch pinion was introduced onto the marked in the early part of the 1960's. Prior to the 1960's, a Bendix drive was utilized. This drive system works on a helically cut driveshaft that has a starter drive pinion placed on it. As soon as the starter motor begins spinning, the inertia of the drive pinion assembly allows it to ride forward on the helix, thus engaging with the ring gear. When the engine starts, the backdrive caused from the ring gear allows the pinion to exceed the rotating speed of the starter. At this moment, the drive pinion is forced back down the helical shaft and hence out of mesh with the ring gear.
In the 1930s, an intermediate development between the Bendix drive was made. The overrunning-clutch design which was made and introduced in the 1960s was the Bendix Folo-Thru drive. The Folo-Thru drive consists of a latching mechanism together with a set of flyweights inside the body of the drive unit. This was better for the reason that the standard Bendix drive used in order to disengage from the ring as soon as the engine fired, though it did not stay functioning.
The drive unit if force forward by inertia on the helical shaft once the starter motor is engaged and starts turning. Next the starter motor becomes latched into the engaged position. As soon as the drive unit is spun at a speed higher than what is attained by the starter motor itself, like for example it is backdriven by the running engine, and afterward the flyweights pull outward in a radial manner. This releases the latch and allows the overdriven drive unit to become spun out of engagement, hence unwanted starter disengagement could be avoided previous to a successful engine start.