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Several commercial and industrial buildings are capable of reaching heights of more than 60 stories. Obviously, while these buildings are being built, they need equally tall cranes to move the materials to the upper floors. There are cranes that have their own vehicle connected or other types that are operated from the rear of trucks. Tower cranes are the largest ones on the market.
Tower cranes are stand-alone structures found as part of a major city's downtown skyline on high-rise building projects. Wherever new construction like for instance apartment buildings and skyscrapers and commercial facilities like shopping center are being constructed, odds are a crane will be on site.
Kinds
There are two different kinds of cranes: boom crane or the jib crane. The jib is a metal frame which extends from the main section. On a flat tower crane, the jib remains horizontal when it carries items. On a luffing kind of tower crane, the jib can ratchet to downward or upward angles. The lifting capacity for both types could range from 30,000 lbs. to ten thousand pounds
Body
The crane's body is composed of a mast. This is a vertical steel frame that is a combination of individual parts. So as to increase the overall height of the machine, parts are added. The mast extends upward to where the desired height is, to the control module, which is a small room that has glass windows on all four sides or to the tower as it is also referred to. The crane operator works from inside of the tower.
Lift
The crane utilizes a braided metal cord to be able to raise supplies. This cord extends out from a motor located near the control module to the end of the jib or boom. There is a pulley system located at the end of the jib, through which the cord is positioned and lowered down. The jib which holds the cord becomes balanced by a counter jib located on the opposite side of the tower. The counter jib has weights. These weights help to prevent the crane from tipping over when lifting heavy materials.
The hydraulic truck crane is a specific mobile crane which uses hydraulic power to raise and move thousands of pounds. Hydraulics utilizes forces being transmitted through oil pushing in opposite directions on the pistons of the boom so as to lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulic truck cranes are important in constructing major projects such as airports, bridges, buildings and roadways. A crane could accomplish in minutes jobs that would normally take lots of hours and hundreds of men to complete.
The great equipments are usually utilized in the construction of cities, houses, entire nations and individual buildings throughout the ages. Even Egypt's Great Pyramids were probably built using basic cranes to enable the heaviest materials in one of the most awesome construction projects ever.
The first cranes were established during 3000 B.C. Egypt in the reign of King Ramses. This lifting mechanism was initially utilized to collect water. The first official "cranes" appeared during Ancient Greece. These mechanism were used to create an entire nation throughout the 5th century B.C.
Originally, cranes were first made out of wood. It wasn't until the designers building dockyards decided they needed something stronger and bigger did these machines evolve. Hick & Rothwell developed the first cast iron cranes in 1834, in Bolton, England. This machine can lift up to 2 tons. That same year, wire ropes were added to the crane by Herr Albert Sr. who was an Official of the German Superior Board. The wire rope made the crane more durable and stronger. This addition allowed cranes to have a larger capacity to lift heavy weights.
The wire ropes were weaved together forming a more powerful rope with even more strength. The newly formed wire also added more flexibility. Germany began to build cast iron cranes 4 years later. The first cast iron crane built by Germany was built within Neuburg.
