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Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of 80m or two hundred sixty five feet, while the minimum lifting capacity of a tower crane is sixteen thousand six hundred forty two kilograms or thirty nine thousand six hundred ninety lbs. with counter weights of 20 tons. Additionally, two limit switches are utilized to be able to ensure the driver does not overload the crane. There is also another safety feature referred to as a load moment switch to ensure that the driver does not surpass the ton meter load rating. Lastly, the tower crane has a maximum reach of two hundred thirty feet or 70 meters.
There is certainly a science involved with erecting a tower crane, specially because of their extreme heights. First, the stationary structure has to be transported to the construction location by using a huge tractor-trailer rig setup. After that, a mobile crane is used so as to assemble the machine portion of the jib and the crane. These sections are then connected to the mast. Next, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts could be some of the other industrial machinery that is usually utilized to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane as the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane could match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is called a climbing frame or a top climber which fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit could detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are used to adjust the slewing unit up an additional twenty feet or 6.1m. Then, the driver of the crane utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into position one more mast section piece.
A "loaded container" by description is a container other than in the tare or empty condition, in reference to container handling. Unless otherwise confirmed, containers must be treated as loaded. To be able to maintain safety, when handling or securing containers, environmental conditions like for instance wind must be considered. The word loaded is the maximum gross weigh rating of the container. So as to ensure that the centre of gravity is kept as low and central as possible, the cargo needs to be evenly distributed all over the container.
Having an evenly distributed cargo it is advantageous to avoid lack of vehicle stability, and excessive tilting, in order to maintain safety. An even cargo helps to prevent unacceptable load concentrations, and unacceptable vehicle axle loading.
The eccentricity of the center of gravity varies, with the distribution of load in the container. It is extremely essential that the designers of containers and handling machines consider in the engineering process. For instance, when 60 percent of the load by mass is distributed in 50 percent of the length of the container measured from one end of the equipment, the eccentricity corresponds to five percent.
Make sure that the container is free to be handled and care has to be taken to make certain it is safely attached to the container, in order to make sure that the machine utilized is right for the cargo. Particular attention has to be paid to the risk of the container tilting due to the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When lifting any container whose centre of gravity is mobile or eccentric, like a tank container, a bulk container or a container with a liquid bulk bag or a thermal container with a refrigerating unit, either clip on or integral, or any container with a hanging load, great care should be taken when lifting these.